Along with many present-day minority groups facing exclusionary violence worldwide, we also can acknowledge the fact that majority-minority relationships are shifting from the cultural assimilation of minorities toward heterogeneous solidarity. If both majority and minority groups redefine themselves on the basis of their striking differences from one another, they can both challenge the existing hierarchy and create affirmatory ethics that celebrate their differences. This transition from homogeneity to heterogeneous solidarity has revealed some interesting findings: when majority and minority groups seek solidarity, their striking differences become a wellspring of creativity, and the arising conflicts and dilemmas make this heterogeneous solidarity even more profound. The research team will reevaluate the Indian anti-caste movement initiated by B. R. Ambedkar, who experienced discrimination as an “untouchable” and inscribed the ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity into the Indian Constitution. Our team will also examine the religious practices of Japanese-born Buddhist monk Shurei Sasai, who furthered Ambedkar’s ideas by leading a campaign to end “untouchability.” By analyzing the works of these two pioneers, the research team will highlight the emergent value in cooperation among minority and majority groups. This project will involve the participation of Japanese and Indian researchers, journalists, and Buddhist practitioners. The research team will collect literature and conduct fieldwork in Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. We will also digitally archive and release Sasai’s collection of videos, photographs, and written accounts on the anti-caste movement since the 1960s.